Fundamental Surgery were commissioned to create a virtual reality simulation with haptic feedback in which the user manipulates laparoscopic graspers to control bleeding in a resected liver. 

This render depicts a later stage within a surgical procedure, in which the gallbladder has been removed and segments II, III, and IV of the liver have been resected. 

The anatomical models were created by Senior 3D Artist Nicky Webster in Autodesk Maya and Pixologic ZBrush, and textured in Substance Painter. To create the resected side of the liver, a custom-made shader was created by Fundamental Surgery's Senior Technical Artist Benjamin Marland, using Substance Designer, which allowed the amount of blood shown to be procedurally controlled according to the client's feedback. 

Artwork published in the Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, August 2019